Friday, October 09, 2009

Some questions and answers


visited Do blind people dream?

I was wondering if people that are blind their whole lives have dreams. If they do dream, can they see things or is it just sounds or feelings?


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  • Answered by aravindv
  • on 2009-10-08 15:30:26

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Yes, research and testimonies of blind people say that they do infact!

Dreaming makes your recall memories that may be visual, auditary, olefactory, touch or taste.

We have visual dreams, because a large part of our memory is filled with visual images.

However, the memories of blind people are stored with inputs from other senses.

These memories are often connected with emotions, and blind people experience them too.

Infact, research says that

1) If a person was blind from birth he hardly has no visual impressions in his dream. He may however, for example : dream that he is walking around the house touching the furniture as he goes by and he feels happy that his children have come home, by hearing their voices.

2) If a person lost his sight during his lifetime, the amount of visual information in his dreams will depend on when he lost it. A person who lost his sight before 5 years may hardly have any visual dreams when he reaches 40. However, a person who lost his sight 5 years ago will still have vivid visual perceptions in his dreams.

This group of people may infact create visual memories through touching and feeling objects which they later recollect during dreams as visual perceptions.

This question has an analogue to animals like snakes , bats which have very poor or no sight. However, it has been researched that even the most primitive animals like fish experience REM sleep.

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Tags: sense, dreams.

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visited Why do humans prefer cooked food over raw? Having evolved eating everything raw, why don't we prefer that?


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  • Answered by aravindv
  • on 2009-10-08 15:59:54

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Cooking has more than one advantageous , even to the cave man.

1) Raw food, especially meat, carries parasites and organisms that can make you ill. Cooking easily kills these organisms.

Over decades, humans must have observed that people eating hot food are sick less often than people eating uncooked food, hence making this a social custom

2) Cooking makes the food tender. The proteins in food (especially meat) break down and makes it easier to eat.

3) In addition, the fire at the hut always kept the wild animals away, which was an added advantage.

All these factors made cooking very popular. Possibly, (though I have no evidence of it, and I even doubt it) humans have evolved a little to adjust to cooked food. This may not be true if cooking grew only 40K years ago. Other estimates say that cooking existed even before homo-sapiens (millions of years ago)

In this case, we have probably evolved our bodies, and digestive systems to the different ( and less taxing) demands of cooked food.

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visited Why don't bananas explode?

At school we have been learning about metals reacting with acid. I had a look at the periodic table and I saw that pottasium (K) was an alkali metal. I also knew that bananas are an excellent source of pottasium. So why, when I eat a banana, does the hydrochloric acid in my stomach not react and make me explode?

Felix, 11, Norwich


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  • Answered by aravindv
  • on 2009-10-08 16:34:11

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I agree with mmm

Pottassium is not found in bananas in the elemental form, which is very reactive. It is instead found as a salt. Possibly as KCl or the salt of an organic anion.

Look at it this way. Pottassium is so reactive, that it already reacted with something in the banana and formed a very stable potassium salt. So it doesn't react with HCl in the stomach.

This stands for all other metals that the body requires, I believe. They do not come in elemental form.

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  • Asked by Flix
  • on 2009-10-05 19:26:19
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Last edited on: 2009-10-05 19:45:18

Categories: Human Body.

Tags: stomach, alkalis, Acids, banana.

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visited Why does it feel warm when someone softly aspirates on the skin and why does it feel cold when somebody tightly blows on it ?


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  • Answered by aravindv
  • on 2009-10-08 17:54:12 new

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Breath is released from your body at 37.5 C

The temperature outside your skin is normally lesser than that. So, the skin ought to feel warmer when you breathe on it. So why does it feel colder when you "blow" instead of "breathing"?

I thought a lot, and I can come up with two hypothesis.

1) There may be some perspiration/sweat/moisture on your skin, which evapourates when you blow on it. This makes it colder. This is similar to the effect of a hot wind. Even though the wind is hot, if it evapourates sweat efficiently, the net of the two effects may cool the skin.

2) The second reason is linked with human evolution. Wind has almost always been dangerous for cave-men. If you are out in the cold wind, there is a considerably increased chance of you dying out of cold.

The body recognises this, and we have evolved mechanisms to recognise pressure on our skin as wind. The brain exaggerates the cooling affect of air on the body if it applies considerable pressure on the skin, and tells us that this can be dangerous.

3) There may be another reason. There is always a warm insulating layer of air near our skin. The wind removes this layer, hence exposing the skin to the colder air outside. Even if the air we blow is warm, after it passes the body, it brings in the cool air from outside.

Student in Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

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visited Is This The End of Human Evolution?

I have noticed, as others may have, that as a race humans have everything done for them; travel (cars, planes etc.), hunting (guns, breeding food etc.), and also there is no longer a need too compete for homes (we can simply build more). is there any need to evolve any further? have we reached our final stage in our long evolutionary chain?


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  • Answered by aravindv
  • on 2009-10-09 14:37:53 new

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Wow, this is a very interesting question.

Infact, it is agreed upon by the scientific community that evolution does happen quickly in small groups of people, when the pressure to change is high.

That is probably how the human species evolved from another primate in a small area in Central Africa around 200,000 years ago.

Infact, most species probably undergo times of large changes, and then times of relative stability in gene structure.

As of yet, we dont know of any significant threat to human existence, by such risks strike quickly and often without warning. In that case, humans would be forced to evolve or dissappear.

Small incremental changes also seem to be happening, in human society, but not fast enough because it doesn't seem to be a life-death matter.

Another possibility is that we will get to know our gene structures and how to manipulate them. Through this mechanism we will "evolve" , though this may itself pose risks to the stability of society. People would have to set quotas for increasing-- say intelligence -- in one generation, strict rules, and constant monitoring to see that the system of man-made mutations becomes successful.

This would mean that skies are the limit for us, as we can make these mutations and test them at a much faster rate, maybe even through computer simulations( and eliminate the ethical aspect of it). These computer simulations may themselves become people, and we will be like god. But thats not the point. Thats a completely different topic.

But yes, evolution as we know it is over, or will take too long for us to observe (in case there is any unforseen disaster forcing us to change)

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  • Asked by IsaacB
  • on 2009-07-26 19:11:23
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Categories: Human Body.

Tags: humanbody, evolution.

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Thursday, October 08, 2009

Do blind people dream?

Yes, research and testimonies of blind people say that they do infact!

Dreaming makes your recall memories that may be visual, auditary, olefactory, touch or taste.

We have visual dreams, because a large part of our memory is filled with visual images.

However, the memories of blind people are stored with inputs from other senses.

These memories are often connected with emotions, and blind people experience them too.

I found this site http://www.last-word.com/ which has interesting questions and answers.


This is my reply to one of the questions: Do blind people dream?


Infact, research says that

1) If a person was blind from birth he hardly has no visual impressions in his dream. He may however, for example : dream that he is walking around the house touching the furniture as he goes by and he feels happy that his children have come home, by hearing their voices.


2) If a person lost his sight during his lifetime, the amount of visual information in his dreams will depend on when he lost it. A person who lost his sight before 5 years may hardly have any visual dreams when he reaches 40. However, a person who lost his sight 5 years ago will still have vivid visual perceptions in his dreams.

This group of people may infact create visual memories through touching and feeling objects which they later recollect during dreams as visual perceptions.


This question has an analogue to animals like snakes , bats which have very poor or no sight. However, it has been researched that even the most primitive animals like fish experience REM sleep.

Monday, July 06, 2009

English written in hindi?

I decided that from today onwards, I will write two curious and interesting perceptions of mine, every day.

1) You often write hindi in english. Like, "kya kar rahe ho dada!". Some languages never had their own scripts, and so adopted english scripts.
It is possible for a single language to have multiple scripts (as seen with hindi today), both scripts used with ease.

Now, imagine that Hindi was the rulign language of the world. Everyone spoke in hindi. India was the country where the industrial revolution , invention of the steam engine, imperialism, modernisation took place. England is still a country which is backward, and struggling to become economically well off. Imagine that over the last couple of decades, England has been achieving good economic growth, and is becoming industrialised.

The english people take pride in the fact that they know hindi, over their counterparts the french, who know very little. Because of this the English are able to build a good outsourcing industry - a backoffice for the modern countries of the world, like India. Soon, orkut and messaging software become famous, and english people start writing English in Hindi (as all keyboards were developed in Hindi)

What would this feel like? In a nutshell, if I were to write English in the devanagiri script, what would it look like?

The next interesting thing of today, comes written like this, to test how readable this writing would be. Remember, it takes a lot of time to get used to a new script. Keep that in mind, before making critical judgements.

2) टुडे इ कामे बेक फ्रॉम वर्क स्त्रैघ्त तो माय हॉस्टल. इ स्टे ओं फ़लूर २. तेरे इस अ जर्मन गाए व्हो स्ताय्स ओं फ़लूर १. इ'वे तल्केद तो हिम ओंस, बुत नोट मोरे थान ठाट. टुडे इ नोतिसद ठाट हिस रूम'स लाक वास
अ नंबर लाक. इ वास फस्सिनातेद. हाउ कांवेनिएंत ! हे दोएसं'टी एवें नीद तो कीप अ के विथ हिम. हइ विल अल्मोस्त एवर फोरगेट हिस के.


I have to admit, it is very difficult to read this on the first try. But oops... I don't know how to read hindi :) . Yes, I know a little... thats it.

But I doubt that even a person who knows how to read hindi well will be able to go over this with ease. It will take a few days of getting used to the common words used.

I've posted the english version below for your convenience:

Today I came back from work straight to my hostel. I stay on floor 2. There is a german guy who stays on floor 1. I talked to him once, but not more than that. Today I noticed that his room's lock was a number lock. I was fascinated. How convenient! He doesn't ever need to keep a key with him . He will almost never forget his key.

This is my second interesting thing for today.

Tuesday, June 09, 2009

the washing machine incident

The washing machine is only a few dozen rooms away from mine. Being the only washing machine of this 7 storey and 350 room hostel, it has plenty of users, and often you find it difficult to get a slot.

I had just come back from work. I had no clothes to wear the next day to work, so I had to wash some. I put my clothes in a bucket, and singing random songs, walk happily to the washing machine.

He stands there looking at the adjustments on the washing machine. He says, " Just a minute, sir". I say "no problem". He doesn't seem to understand. I remember the little tamil I know and say "parvale".

So he asks, "tamil sir?". I say no, "I'm from kerala".

A few minutes pass while I wait for his washing to get over. He asks what I'm doing. He tells me that he did his masters in computer science in iit madras. He tells me that he will be going to delhi to do a course in social work.

I am slightly taken aback by his naivity. He seems to have done his masters from iitm, but he still is much more comfortable in tamil, and calls everyone "sir". A few minutes pass, and the rapid spinning of the drying machine slows down into a lazy rotation. The guy collects his clothes, and is about to go on his way.

Suddenly I notice something in the washing machine. Looking at it carefully, it looks like a softboard pin. Only much larger. Puzzled, I pick the softboard pin, and hand it to him, and ask him, "Is this yours?"

He says thank you, sir, I am blind" . While I watch him walking away, he runs his hand along the side of the wall.

Wednesday, May 06, 2009

The analogy between airconditioning and warm bloodedness

Earlier, from unicellular organisms to multicellular invertebrates to fish to amphibians to reptiles, all animals could not control the temperature in their bodies. It used to dance with the rhythms of the days and the seasons.

These animals would become sluggish when its cold, and active when its warm. They were productivity used to alternate with temperature. These animals are called cold blooded.

Enter the beta version: "Mammals". Mammals used a larger part of the energy they gained by eating, into keeping their body temperatures constant at 37.5. So they were able to tremendously increase productivity.
Why? because all enzymes and catalyst in our body's effectiveness, reduces "exponentially" with reducing temperature.

This had an even more significant effect. Only if temperature is kept constant at 37.5, complex brains can be developed. So, without this "airconditioning" of the body, my brain wouldnt exist to enable you to read a complex article written by an over active brain.

How is it suddenly that mammals evolved warm bloodness? Through evolutionary randomness one may say. However we have to remember that the disolved oxygen in water does not hold enough energy to allow any animal to be warm blooded. Let us examine this.

A snake eats only one meal in a month. Would you be able to survive on one meal a month? Keeping your body airconditioned (or warm blooded) keeps enormous stress on your body to power this airconditioning. The body constantly increases metabolism to keep it at 37.5 C which is normally way about outside temperature. Even a fat person with slow metabolism will consume much much more energy than a repilian counter part with the same body mass.

In order to metabolise all that food, the oxygen dissolved in water would just not be enough. Hence coming to the open air on land was a prerequisite for warm bloodedness and developing a complex brain like we do.

Is this extravagent spending of energy justified? Lets remember that there are more ants in the world than humans even today. How effective the genes of our species is a function of future events. Inspite of ants having such a simple body (compared to humans), they are much more in number. This goes for rice crop, as well as the trillions of uni cellular organisms in the world.

However, let us hope that through diversification, and shifting homes to other planets we as humans are able to survive into the long term.
Possibly conditions for radical changes in evolution are not possible on earth due to the absense of a mystery chemical X. If we were able to explore the universe, we would be able to find out. It would also provide back up for the species. If one planet is destroyed we have another. But whether the human species will genetically remain the same is again doubtful :)

In short "Who cares" like the buddha said

Monday, March 09, 2009

Why we like simple people

Most people like people who dont think in complex and conniving ways, and who dont manipulate situations. Such people may even be preferred when it comes to chosing mates. People find such people 'cute'.

Why do such people have an advantage? There is a theory of the evolution of intelligence, which attributes intelligence to social interactions. People needed intelligence to understand the actions of others, and as people grew more intelligent, other people tried to outdo them.
This created an avalanche, and there was a sudden spurt in intelligence in people. 300 cc for chimps to 1300 cc for humans. This avalanche went against the general lack of resources for such large brains.

So wouldn't it be bad for a person to have a low degree of social manipulativeness? Yes it is. So, it is easier for other people to survive in his company, and hence the preference of having less socially intelligence companions.

Compared to a lack of social intelligence, a lack of other logical intelligence is less tolerated. Why?
I can think of two reasons:
1) Social intelligence helps a person gain out of the loss of another person in a social situations, hence less preferable to companions.
2) The high levels of social intelligence in humans may imply that additional social intelligence may be of lesser help than additional other forms of intelligence.

Monday, February 16, 2009

Shifting perspectives

It happened when we watched IPL, it happens when you shift your domiciles, it happens when documentaries are shown of different animals in Natgeo.

Before watching IPL, I was sceptic of the fact that I will be able to take sides with any team, as none of them had anything in common with me. I surprised myself, by not only taking sides, but also constantly changing them: the more I knew about a side, i would shift sides, and cheer for its win.

Something similar happens when I shifted residing from one city to the other. In a couple of weeks, as I started getting to know them, I slowly wanted the city I was living in to improve. I liked it when somethign new came up in that city. I liked it when I saw the city becoming better than other cities.

Think carefully for a moment.

Presently, you know all about yourself. From the time you were born (well almsot that long ago) till now. Wouldn't it be obvious that you want your personal development? You always cheer for yourself, and want yourself to be better.

The only reason that you want to improve is that you know yourself so well. If you think hard enough, it will be clear, that you will want someone else's improvement as much as yours, if you think you are that person.

In reality you are just an aggregation of self-promoting memories.

Saints have thought so, and in a desperate attempt to understand this have termed this as ego.

Why would you be so interested in yourself, when in this "matrix" of a world, it would be equally useless to promote someone elses ego.

I sometimes tend to border around a nihilist who says that existence is without objective meaning, purpose, or intrinsic value.

The same holds true for species. Would you consider the matrix like environment where humans are grown in power plants to power the energy needs of robots, much more unethical than how we treat animals as a processing plant for our energy needs? As a species, it may be alright to die, if those suceeding us is much better than us. We do not need to hold on to old memories.

But what should we expect after our death?

I like to think that I never die. I would like to abandon my own ego and live in the lives of every atom in the universe, which has a story to tell.

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